Micro-fungi on medicinal plants in southern China and northern Thailand

Abstract This study documents the morphology and phylogeny of micro-fungi collected from various medicinal plants in southern China and northern Thailand. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, 100 species are identified and distributed in three classes (Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes), 16 orders, 37 families and 67 genera. We introduce one new order, Oncopodiellales, three new families, Catenuliconidiaceae, Diplocladiellaceae and Oncopodiellaceae, one new genus, Biascospora, and 54 new species: Achroiostachys browniana, A. catenate, A. fusiformispora, Acrocalymma xishuiense, Amphisphaeria hibiscicola, Apiculospora thailandensis, Arecophila maolanensis, A. yunanensis, Barriopsis caryotae, Biascospora chishuiensis, Conioscypha synnemata, Diaporthe ervatamiae, D. kunmingensis, D. tu-chungcola, D. xishuiensis, D. hannanensis, Distoseptispora gelatinosa, D. greeniana, Gregatothecium diflugoscola, Helicosporium multiseptatum, Helminthosporium thailandicum, Kalmusia tetrastigmae, Keissleriella yunnana, Lasiodiplodia houttuyniae, L. poacearum, Leptospora houttuyniae, Lophiotrema asexualis, L. guizhouense, Melanopsamma tongrenensis, Memnoniella chiangmaiensis, Murichromolaenicola dendrobii, Neoheleiosa brownii, Neohelicascus guizhouensis, Neohelicomyces sexualis, Neohendersonia tongrenensis, Neomassaria fibraureae, Neoscytalidium dendrobii, Parabahusutrabeeja hyalina, Paramyrothecium xishuiense, Phaeosphaeria boehmeriae, P. guiyangensis, Phaeosphaeriopsis spineleae, Porodiplodia guizhouensis, Psiloglonium bambusicola, P. brownii, P. guizhouense, Roussoella panzhouensis, R. wudangensis, Seriascoma guizhouense, Sphaeropsis guiyangensis, Striaticonidium olivaceobrunnea, Tamhinispora obpyriformis, V. chiangraiensis and Virgatospora thailandica, with illustrations, discussions of their taxonomic placement, and comparisons with morphologically similar taxa. Ten new combinations are introduced: Conioscypha chiangmaiense (≡ Vanakripa chiangmaiense), C. minutiellipsoidea (≡ Vanakripa minutiellipsoidea), Conioscypha obovoidea (≡ Vanakripa obovoidea), Keissleriella acacia (≡ Pleurophoma acaciae), K. italicum (≡ Pleurophoma italica), K. ossicula (≡ Pleurophoma ossicola), K. pleurospora (≡ Phoma pleurospora), Phaeosphaeria brachylaenae (≡ Didymocyrtis brachylaenae), P. pini (≡ Didymocyrtis pini) and P. septata (≡ Didymocyrtis septata). Additionally, we report 31 new host records from medicinal plants and six new geographical records for China and Thailand. We also resolved inter-generic synonymy for three species. A reference specimen is designated for Diplocladiella taurina. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of all these taxa are provided.