Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation into the nonlinear dynamics of Dipteran-inspired flapping flight systems at low Reynolds numbers, with the goal of advancing micro aerial vehicle (MAV) design. Using a forced Duffing oscillator model to represent the wing's structural dynamics and an in-house Navier–Stokes solver based on the immersed boundary method for aerodynamic forces, we capture the intricate fluid–structure interactions (FSI) of the system. Our results reveal insights into the stability and chaotic behavior of the flapping wing system, emphasizing the critical role of viscous effects. The complex interplay between the wing's nonlinear response and aerodynamic loads leads to diverse oscillatory patterns and transitions to chaos. By varying the actuation force as a bifurcation parameter, the system transitions from periodic behavior to sustained chaos through intermediate quasi-periodic and transient chaotic states. These findings highlight the importance of accurately modeling FSI to enhance MAV performance, providing valuable insights into their design and for stability and maneuverability in bio-inspired flapping flight systems.
Shah et al. (Sun,) studied this question.