Application of Systemic Thinking to Learn Safety Culture and Human Reliability Perspectives in Freight Train Derailments

This paper presents a systemic theory analysis approach, based on the comparison between the Risk Management Framework (RMF) and System Engineering theory (SE).To demonstrate the timeline of the accident and the safety barrier classifications that prevent accidents and protect the railway system from damage, three aspects should be reviewed and understood: Technical Reasons, Human Factors, and Organizational Influences.During 2018-2022, there were ten freight train derailment investigations or safety digests undertaken by RAIB.To learn the safety culture issue regarding the freight train derailments three cases have been considered, such as Llangennech (R012022), the failure of track fastening system design (R022021) at Eastleigh, and the derailment due to longitudinal train dynamics at London Gateway (R142023).The Llangennech derailment was precisely analysed in this work, the work investigated the organizational influence and human reliability factors, then discussed the reliability test during the maintenance procedure, and the utilization of a machine learning algorithm to deploy fault diagnostic action.