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Physical processes induced by ultrashort laser pulse interaction with transparent solids evolve across multiple spatial and temporal scales, including photoionization, energy deposition, subsequent relaxation and macroscopic material modification. Through a coupled experimental-simulation investigation, the authors provide here quantitative data on the creation of overcritical plasma density, GPa-level shockwaves, and temperatures in excess of 10000 K within the silica target. These results describe an unprecedented range of physical mechanisms and address long-standing unanswered questions.
Koritsoglou et al. (Mon,) studied this question.