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Thrombin is produced by the prothrombinase complex, composed of factor (f)Xa and fVa on a phospholipid (PL) membrane surface. Snakes of the Elapidae family have venom versions of these factors that cause coagulopathy in prey. Group C venoms contain both fⅩa and fⅤa orthologues. Group D venoms only contain a fXa orthologue and hijack fⅤa of the prey. Hopsarin D (HopD) is the venom fⅩa of the Stephen's banded snake (Hoplocephalus stephensii).
Üstok et al. (Wed,) studied this question.