On Some Issues of Defining the Concept of «sanction» in Modern Legal Science

The article examines the retrospective and modern aspects of the definition of sanctions in interna-tional law, characterizes various types of sanctions, including international political and economic sanctions. The author's interpretation of the definition of international sanctions is proposed, taking into account the modern realities of world politics, describes the mechanism for analyzing interna-tional sanctions, using the example of sanctions that have been in force and are in force against Iraq, Iran and Cuba, their consequences and countermeasures. The article also examines the issues of expediency and fairness of unilateral sanctions, analyzes countermeasures (retaliatory measures) that a state can apply in response to international legal violations of another State.