Correlation Between Vitamin D Levels and Infertility in Women at a Tertiary Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan

Objectives : To assess the correlation between the Vitamin D status and infertility in women attending the tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials and Methods : This sample-based cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2023 to April 2024 at Gynecology department of HMC in Peshawar with due permission from the ethical committee of the hospital. Two hundred women who have been diagnosed with primary infertility were involved in the study and written informed consent was sought from them. Infertility interpretation was made on the basis of reported period that couples have been trying for conception. Venous blood samples of 5 ml were taken aseptically, allowed to clot and the sera were separated and used to determine the vitamin D levels using the Cobas 6000 system. Questionnaire was adopted as a research instrument to capture data on sun exposure and participants' demographic characterizations such as age and BMI. Results : Descriptive results showed that the participants were 32. 63 ± 6. 47 years old with the mean vitamin D level of 19. 09 ± 7. 22 ng/mL as well as the mean BMI of 20. 60 ± 4. 79 kg/m². Overall, the average monthly earning that the respondents provided was Rs 71,887. 75, with SD assessing that the figure was Rs 22,925. 02. Serum vitamin D status was below normal in 112 patients (56. 0%) classified as mild, 67 patients (33. 5%) moderate and 21 (10. 5%) patients having severe deficiency of vitamin D. 160 patients of them (80. 0%) had infertility issues and 40 patients (20. 0%) were infertile. According to the findings obtained in the present study from binary logistic regression probability of infertility was significantly low in women with higher vitamin D level. Conclusion : This Study has established that vitamin D has a major influence on female infertility and reproductive health. More studies are required to explain these phenomena and define the best strategies for promoting the reproduction outcomes with the help of vitamin D optimization in the fertility evaluation.