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Castanopsis hystrix, a precious tree species in Southeast Asia, has the advantages of rapid growth and high-quality wood materials. However, there are problems such as its long breeding cycle and low efficiency, and being time-consuming, which greatly restricts the industrial development of C. hystrix. Performing genome selection (GS) for growth and wood traits for the early selection of superior progeny has great significance for the rapid breeding of new superior varieties of C. hystrix. We used 226 clones in the main distribution and 479 progenies within 23 half-sib families as experimental materials in this study. Genotyping datasets were obtained by high-throughput re-sequencing technology, and GS studies were conducted on the growth (tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH)) and wood (wood density (WD), fiber length (FL), and fiber length–width ratio (LWR)) traits. The coefficient of variation (CV) of five phenotypic traits ranged from 10.1% to 22.73%, the average CV of growth traits was 19.93%, and the average CV of wood traits was 9.72%. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the five traits were almost all significantly positive. Based on the Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) model, the broad-sense heritabilities of growth traits were higher than those of wood quality traits, and the different number of SNPs had little effect on the heritability estimation. GS prediction accuracy first increased and then reached a plateau at around 3K SNPs for all five traits. The broad-sense heritability of these five traits was significantly positively correlated with their GS predictive ability (r = 0.564, p < 0.001). Bayes models had better GS prediction accuracy than the GBLUP model. The 15 excellent progeny individuals were selected, and their genetic gain ranged from 0.319% to 2.671%. These 15 superior offspring individuals were 4388, 4438, 4407, 4468, 4044, 4335, 4410, 4160, 4212, 4461, 4052, 4014, 4332, 4389, and 4007, mainly from three families F5, F6, and F11. Our research lays out the technical and material foundation for the rapid breeding of new superior varieties of C. hystrix in southern China.
Zhang et al. (Fri,) studied this question.