Behavioural adaptations and housing modification: a case study of a low-income high-rise housing estate in Sri Lanka

Rapid urbanisation and population growth have intensified housing challenges in Sri Lanka. In response, the government initiated Urban Regeneration Projects (URPs) to create a slum-free Colombo. These projects involved constructing high-rise housing blocks for relocating low-income settlements and freeing up land for urban development. Unfortunately, several initiatives encountered failures due to inadequate services, limited employment access, substandard living conditions, poor maintenance, and unforeseen social consequences. This research delves into the adaptive behaviours of relocated low-income families in high-rise housing. It examines the challenges they face in daily life and explores the measures they take to overcome these obstacles. The study employs a case study approach, utilising interviews, surveys, and observations within a selected low-income high-rise housing block. Basic housing needs such as sufficient indoor and outdoor space, privacy, social interaction, community living, physical comfort (light & ventilation), safety, and security, are crucial for residents. To meet these needs, inhabitants adapt through behavioural changes, including multifunctional use of space, shared space, family activity organisation, and extending domestic activities into semi-public zones. Privacy emerges as the most critical requirement, often prioritised over social interaction and physical comforts. Residents primarily address these needs through behavioural adjustments rather than extensive modifications, given the challenges posed by mass housing.