Thermal examination of chemically reactive Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid flow on bi-directional stretching sheet subject to Cattaneo–Christov mass/heat flux phenomena, variable porosity and exponential heat source

This work investigates the Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid flow on a dual-directional elongating surface with variable porosity. The flow is affected by chemical reactivity, exponential heat source and thermally radiative effects. To control the thermal feature of flow, the impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are also incorporated in the flow model along with Cattaneo–Christov mass/heat flux phenomena. Appropriate variables have been employed to convert the leading equations to dimension-free form and then solved by using the bvp4c approach. It has been noticed as an outcome of this work that, with the upsurge in magnetic and variable porous factors, both the primary and secondary velocities have been diminished. Augmentation in thermal profiles is caused by the escalation in radiation, thermophoresis, Brownian motion factors and thermal Biot number while it has reduced with the upsurge in thermal relaxation factor. Concentration distribution has increased by the growth in thermophoresis, activation energy factors and concentration Biot number, whereas it has diminished with escalation in Brownian motion, chemical reactivity and mass relaxation factors. Moreover, concentration distribution also declined with a higher Schmidt number. To ensure the validation of the current model, its results have been compared with previously established datasets available in the literature. A closed agreement between our results and the dataset published previously has been noticed, which ensures the authenticity of the current work.