Phytochemical Analysis of Andrographis Paniculata Leaf for Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential

Background: Andrographis Paniculata, a herbaceous plant of the Acantharean family, is referred to as the "king of bitters" and is rich in bioactive chemicals. Andrographis Paniculata is a medicinal plant that has been used for many years in traditional medicine. Numerous bioactive substances found in the plant, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and diterpenoids, are responsible for its wide range of pharmacological effects. To assess the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Andrographis Paniculata leaf extracts, a thorough phytochemical investigation was carried out in this work. Often referred to as the "king of bitters," Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant that has been used for many years in traditional medicine. Numerous bioactive substances found in the plant, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and diterpenoids, are responsible for its wide range of pharmacological effects.Aims: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of Andrographis Paniculata leaves and evaluate their potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities.Materials and Methods: The leaves of Andrographis Paniculata were collected, dried, and subjected to sequential extraction using various solvents including methanol, ethanol, and water. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was determined through qualitative and quantitative analyses to identify the presence of flavonoids, tannins, flavanols, and polyphenols. The antibacterial potential of Andrographis Paniculata, leaf extracts was assessed against six pathogenic bacteria including both gram positive and gram-negative strains by determining minimum inhibitory concentration and zone of inhibition. The extracts inhibited the growth of these bacteria and also induced bacterial cell death. Zone of inhibition values were compared with control in concentration 20 mμg /ml.Result: The growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is inhibited by the ethanol extract. The antioxidant ability of leaf extracts was evaluated using assays such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and vitamin C. The results show that when oxidized, the DPPH produces a persistent purple radical.Conclusion: Andrographis paniculata leaf extracts have been shown in this study to have excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties, highlighting the plant's therapeutic value as a source of naturally occurring bioactive chemicals. These results add to the increasing amount of data that supports the traditional medicine practice of using Andrographis paniculata and shed light on the uses of the plant in the creation of new antioxidant and antibacterial agents.