Machine learning techniques for quality assurance in additive manufacturing processes

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes have revolutionized manufacturing industries by enabling the production of complex geometries with reduced material waste and lead times. However, ensuring the quality of AM parts remains a significant challenge due to the complexity of the process and inherent variability in material properties. This review investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance quality assurance in AM processes, focusing on specific machine learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks for defect detection, support vector machines for classification of material properties, and reinforcement learning for real-time process optimization. The AI-driven methodologies are applied to predict defects, optimize process parameters, and monitor real-time production quality, utilizing large datasets generated from sensors and in-situ monitoring systems. The study demonstrates significant improvements in the accuracy of defect detection, the reliability of material property classification, and the efficiency of process optimization. In addition, it addresses challenges such as data pre-processing, model interpretability, and integration with existing AM systems. The findings highlight the potential of AI to transform quality assurance in AM and outline future research directions for further integration and enhancement of AI techniques in AM.