Phytochemical Screening and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Calotropis procera Leaves Extract

Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been utilised to treat a wide range of illnesses. Research on the therapeutic effects of various plant parts has a lot of promise. The biological activity of Calotropis procera roots, stem, leaves, and fruits are well-known. The plant Calotropis procera exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties, including hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-diabetic effects. The current study demonstrated the sub-acute toxicity, phytochemical screening, and anti-inflammatory properties of a hydro-ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera leaves. For 14 days, the extract's acute toxicity (2000 mg/kg) was studied in Wistar rats. The established test procedure described in the literature was used to determine the quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as the qualitative analysis of different phytochemical constituents. The Folins Ciocalteau reagent and the aluminium chloride method were used for the quantitative measurement of flavonoids and phenolics, respectively. Alkaloids, glycosides, sugars, tannins, flavonoids, and steroids were all found by phytochemical study. The extract of Calotropis procera has a total phenolic content of 0.475 mg/100 mg, which was followed by flavonoids (0.689 mg/100 mg).Up to 2000 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract did not have any harmful effects. In a dose-dependent way, the hydroalcoholic extract of Calotropis procera (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced the inflammation in rats caused by formalin and carrageenan. Calotropis procera hydroalcoholic extract has potent anti-inflammatory properties and could be a promising source of anti-inflammatory chemicals. Keyword: Calotropis procera, Carrageenan, Formalin, Anti-inflammatory effect, Phytochemical screening, Folins Ciocalteau reagent