“The role of modern technologies in effective management of crowds”

Scientists started to think about the importance of developing crowd management methods, because of human gatherings - in different countries - have been accompanied by lots of disasters that have killed many and resulted in many injuries. Gathering crowd data is vital in the process of managing crowds, as crowd information contributes significantly to planning and decision-making processes and increasing communication between parties interacting with them, and data collected includes "the number of crowd members, crowd density, and problems that may occur". Technology and technical awareness play an important role in "collecting, organizing, analyzing" real-time collected data of crowd. This study is concerned with reviewing the latest technologies that can be used in crowd data collection, and helping to determine the appropriate technique for each event so that crowds can be effectively directed to reduce potential problems, avoid stampedes and reduce congestion incidents that may lead to serious injuries. The study reached a number of recommendations, such as organizers of mass events should choose the appropriate technology for the event among crowd management techniques (vision-based - radio frequency identification - sensor-based - data mining - modeling and simulation), because the ability of these techniques to collect varies information according to the type and conditions of the crowd, it's circumstances, and the logistics available for event management.