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This paper represents a comprehensive review that explores the paradigm shift brought about by intelligent technology in addressing the challenges faced by visually impaired individuals for obstacle detection and navigation. Divided into three pivotal categories, shoe-related devices, innovative blind sticks, and wearable devices utilizing facial recognition technology, this review dissects the underlying mechanisms, technologies, challenges, and real-world applications. The investigation reveals the integration of cutting-edge technologies like ultrasonic sensors, IMUs, 3D LIDAR sensors, and GPS into shoe-related devices, promising improved independence and safety. Smart blind sticks equipped with sensors, such as ultrasonic, water, LDR, and GPS, empower users with real-time feedback, enabling them to navigate their environment confidently. Additionally, wearable devices leveraging facial and object recognition hold the potential to revolutionize social interactions and object perception. Through a synthesis of image processing techniques, sensor technologies, and detectors, this paper underscores the importance of technological advancements in enhancing the quality of life for the visually impaired community. As the field evolves, the report concludes by envisioning a future of even more innovative and impactful smart technology solutions that empower visually impaired individuals to navigate the world with increased autonomy and confidence.
Panwar et al. (Mon,) studied this question.