Diabetic Retinopathy: Clinical Findings and Management

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a global source of visual loss and a consequence of diabetes. One of the most common metabolic disorders (DMs), diabetes mellitus (DM) affects people's ability to lead healthy lives worldwide and can have mild to severe secondary effects. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which damages the retina and may result in blindness, is one of the secondary consequences of diabetes mellitus (DM). Although there may be other ocular problems associated with diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and cataracts are the primary causes of vision loss in DM. Patients with diabetes frequently experience severe retinal capillary aneurysms, haemorrhage, and edoema. These conditions might eventually result in diabetic macular edoema (DME) and non-proliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR or PDR).Our goal in this study is to give a thorough overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and potential treatment options of diabetic retinopathy, as well as how it progresses.