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Abstract: Smart highways represent a transformative approach to modern transportation, integrating advanced technologies to enhance safety, sustainability, and efficiency. This review explores the key technologies involved in smart highways, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), and their applications in traffic management, road safety, predictive maintenance, and environmental monitoring. IoT enables real-time data collection and communication, facilitating dynamic traffic control and early hazard detection. AI enhances traffic flow optimization, hazard prediction, and autonomous vehicle support. The review also addresses the challenges of implementing smart highways, such as high costs, technological interoperability, data security, and public acceptance. Future trends highlight the growing role of autonomous vehicles, advanced sensors, renewable energy integration, 5G communication networks, smart materials, and blockchain technology in further revolutionizing smart highways. The findings underscore the potential of smart highways to significantly improve transportation systems, offering a more adaptive, efficient, and eco-friendly infrastructure.
Er. Mahip Singh (Sat,) studied this question.