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The article researches the problems of development of the environmental decision support systems, which arise due to the natural complexity of natural systems and the multidisciplinary nature of environmental safety problems. Non-linear interactions of natural processes, spatial and temporal variability of environmental phenomena, as well as issues of data quality and availability stand out among the key problems. Technological and methodological challenges are considered, such as development and validation of models, ensuring user-friendliness of the interface, integration with existing systems, and the problem of scalability and performance of the DSS. Special attention is paid to the role of geospatial data and geographic information systems (GIS) in tasks of information support for decision-making. GIS is the core of modern GIS, providing management, analysis and visualization of geospatial data, which significantly increases the capabilities of these systems. The advantages of GIS in the context of managing large volumes of geospatial data, their integration with other data sets, spatial analysis and modeling, as well as visualization and communication of results are defined. The article proposes a conceptual model that describes the infrastructure of information support for decision-making in the field of man-made and environmental safety, the central element of which is GIS. The authors propose the differentiation of geospatial data analysis tasks into two modules, one of which specializes in the analysis of regional environmental monitoring data for the ecological assessment of the territory's condition, the formation of medium- and long-term forecasts. The second module specializes in the assessment of risks from emergency situations, primarily related to military operations. The key goal is to assess the potential environmental consequences of catastrophic events at critical infrastructure facilities. The architecture includes sets of data sources such as remote sensing data and environmental statistics, blocks of statistical analysis and mathematical modeling, a block of data integration based on GIS, blocks of environmental assessment and scenario modeling. Each of these components performs critically important functions to ensure effective decision-making in the field of environmental technogenic and ecological safety and management of natural resources.
Охарєв et al. (Fri,) studied this question.