Significantly Reduce Emissions Using Ammonia Enriched Fuel Gas for Gas Turbines

The urgent need to address environmental challenges has prompted refiners and petrochemical operators worldwide to find cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, particularly in their gas turbine equipment (GT). Carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary constituent of greenhouse gases, mainly originates from fossil fuel combustion (Ji et al. 2021). In response, many countries have implemented strict legislation, exemplified by the Paris (COP21) and Glasgow (COP26) Climate Agreements to reduce carbon emissions. Within this dynamic shift toward sustainable energy, gas turbines (GT) stand at the pinnacle of turbomachinery excellence for power generation. In fact, industry leaders tout them as being unparalleled in this field. GTs are set to maintain a pivotal role as energy conversion equipment, characterized by high thermal efficiency, further affirming their importance in the ever-changing realm of energy infrastructure. Natural gas, compared to liquid fuels, emerges as a key player in the pursuit of sustainable power solutions. It not only cuts CO2 emissions by 20% but also produces lower levels of NOx. As part of global decarbonization efforts, major gas turbine manufacturers such as Mitsubishi, GE, Siemens, and others are modifying their commercial GT models to burn natural gas with either hydrogen or ammonia. This strategic modification significantly decreases CO2 emissions. Depending on the turbine model, most GT manufacturers can achieve a hydrogen content of up to 100 vol% in the fuel gas for very specific models, as advertised on their websites (GE Vernova 2024; Mitsubishi Power 2021; Siemens Energy 2024).