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Abstract BACKGROUND Pediatric brain tumors pose a considerable challenge in clinical oncology, necessitating multimodal treatment approaches. Many of these have the potential to impact cognition on vulnerable, young brains. While advancements in therapies have improved survival rates, neurocognitive outcomes continue to be one of the most challenging late effects that affect quality of life for pediatric brain tumor survivors. METHODS We conducted a literature review to identify 1) current treatment approaches for pediatric brain tumors, 2) the neurocognitive effects that survivors of pediatric brain tumors experience, and 3) appropriate interventions that can be implemented to mitigate those neurocognitive effects. RESULTS Novel chemotherapeutic agents, such as molecularly targeted therapies, are increasingly implemented in a personalized approach to treatment. New approaches to radiation therapy, particularly proton therapy, have shown promise in minimizing cognitive decline compared to traditional photon therapy. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have enabled a more detailed understanding of structural and functional brain changes associated with treatment. While these newer treatment modalities are promising, their long-term side effects are mostly unknown and bear close monitoring over time. Because neurocognitive side effects continue to underscore the impact of pediatric brain tumor treatments, recent studies often specifically evaluate the cognitive side effects as well as attempt to personalize treatments to reduce cognitive damage. CONCLUSIONS Recent research findings reinforce the enduring concern of neurocognitive side effects in pediatric brain tumor survivors. The integration of advanced therapeutic modalities and targeted supportive care interventions may hold the key to optimizing treatment outcomes while minimizing cognitive morbidity. Continued research efforts are essential for refining treatment protocols and developing personalized strategies to safeguard neurocognitive function in this vulnerable population. Additionally, studies exploring the role of supportive care interventions, such as cognitive rehabilitation and neuroprotective strategies, demonstrate potential avenues for mitigating cognitive sequelae but require ongoing research.
Rangan et al. (Tue,) studied this question.