Numerical investigation of the effect of perforated almond, tunnel, and bishop shaped pin fin heat sinks on the hydrothermal performance enhancement

The pin-fin design of the heat sink optimizes thermal dissipation by enhancing surface area and enabling efficient heat transfer in high-performance devices. The primary objective of the highly functionalized and convenient heat sink is to provide a competitive advantage in the field of efficient thermal management systems. The primary objective of this study is to investigate various designs of pin-fin heat sinks with unique shapes. These heat sinks are intended to operate in varying dynamic situations and necessitate an efficient convective heat transfer. The current technique has been thoroughly confirmed using earlier research, and computational investigations were conducted to improve the hydrothermal performance of staggered organized pin-fin heat sinks compared to the baseline case adopted from previous studies. Research is underway to examine the collective impact of the fin's unique structure, ideal aerodynamic form, and quality of perforations. A simulation of three-dimensional incompressible flow was conducted using the realizable k- ԑ model to generate turbulence flow that satisfies the relevant boundary conditions for solving the governing equations. When comparing fins shaped like a bishop to the standard hemispherical instance mentioned in recent work, the Nusselt number is 33 % higher. In addition, when the Reynolds number reaches 21,367, the presence of almond-shaped fins with circular perforations leads to a significant reduction in pressure drop, namely by 53.24 %. The almond-shaped hexagonal perforated fins, formed of a copper-diamond composite material, achieved the maximum hydrothermal performance factor (HTPF) of around 1.52 at a Reynolds number of 21,367. These layouts can be considered in various industrial applications.