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Background: Birth asphyxia presents a significant challenge in neonatal care, marked by impaired gas exchange leading to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis. The condition necessitates a thorough understanding of its pathophysiology and the management of associated biochemical derangements, particularly electrolyte imbalances and plasma calcium levels. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the electrolyte status and plasma calcium levels of birth asphyxiated neonates. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted involving 50 term neonates, including 25 asphyxiated and 25 non-asphyxiated infants, recruited from the NICU of a 250 Beded District Hospital, Sherpur between April 2020 and July 2021. Cases were designated based on established criteria, and controls were selected accordingly. The study protocol received institutional ethical approval. Results: Gender distribution (p = 0.76) and mode of delivery (p = 0.65) were similar between cases and controls. APGAR scores were significantly lower in cases at 1, 5, and 10 minutes (p < 0.05). Cases exhibited lower sodium (p = 0.001) and higher potassium (p = 0.001) levels than controls. Calcium levels were significantly reduced in cases (p = 0.001). Across HIE stages, sodium decreased (p = 0.001), potassium increased (p = 0.002), and calcium decreased (p = 0.001) significantly. Results emphasize the importance of monitoring and managing electrolyte imbalances in birth asphyxia for improved neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of monitoring and managing electrolyte imbalances and plasma calcium levels in birth asphyxiated neonates. Early identification and correction of these disturbances are crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes and reducing the risk of long-term sequelae. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and refine therapeutic strategies in this vulnerable population.
Nasrin et al. (Wed,) studied this question.