Workplace Spirituality, Organizational Culture, and Employee Performance in Indonesian MSMEs: Examining the Mediating Roles of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment

This study examines the influence of workplace spirituality and organizational culture on employee performance in Indonesian MSMEs, with job satisfaction and organizational commitment as potential mediators.While previous research has established links between these variables, the interrelationships and mechanisms in the MSME context remain underexplored.A sample of 265 employees from various MSMEs in Dompu Regency, Indonesia completed surveys assessing workplace spirituality, organizational culture, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and self-rated performance.Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypothesized direct and indirect effects.The results showed that workplace spirituality and organizational culture had significant positive effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and employee performance.Job satisfaction and organizational commitment also positively influenced performance.Surprisingly, job satisfaction did not significantly mediate the effects of workplace spirituality and organizational culture on performance.However, organizational commitment significantly mediated the spirituality-performance and culture-performance relationships.The findings highlight the important role of workplace spirituality and organizational culture in shaping MSME employee attitudes and behaviors, with organizational commitment as a key mechanism.Managers should foster a spiritual and culturally supportive work environment to drive employee commitment and performance.Future research should examine boundary conditions and test these relationships in other MSME contexts.