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This research aimed to examine the relationship between workplace spirituality, ethical leadership, proactive work behavior (PWB), and employee work effectiveness.Data were collected from 417 employees in private company across six provinces in Indonesia.The results from structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that workplace spirituality and ethical leadership positively influenced work effectiveness directly and indirectly through enhancing PWB.Furthermore, PWB had a stronger direct influence on work effectiveness than workplace spirituality and ethical leadership.PWB is an important mediator in translating workplace spirituality and ethical leadership into heightened employee effectiveness.This research contributed to the mechanism through which workplace spirituality and leadership style influenced work effectiveness.Managers needed to foster workplace spirituality and ethical leadership in tandem by implementing the right policies to support.In addition, further research needs to be carried out across more diverse organizations and sectors.
Gunawan et al. (Tue,) studied this question.