Effect of preservation fluid contamination and associated possible donor-derived infections on early postoperative prognosis in kidney transplant recipients

Abstract Background The study aims to analyze the epidemiology of preservation fluid (PF) contamination and investigate the impact of PF contamination and possible donor-derived infections(p-DDI) on early postoperative prognosis in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Methods A total of 256 PF samples were collected for microbiological evaluation from all KT recipients who received deceased donor donations in our hospital from June 2018 to August 2022. Data on the baseline and clinical characteristics of these PF corresponding to recipients and donors were extracted from the electronic medical record. It mainly included the early postoperative complications and prognosis of KT recipients. Results From June 2018 to August 2022, 597 kidney transplants were performed in our center, with 260 recipients receiving kidney transplantation from donation after citizens’ death. A total of 256 samples of PF were collected, of which 64.5% (165/256) were culture positive, and 24.6% (63/165) of the culture-positive PF were polymicrobial contamination. A total of 238 strains were isolated, of which coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) had the highest proportion of 34.0% (81/238), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae with 20.6% (49/238) and Escherichia coli with 8.8% (21/238). Recipients with culture-positive PF had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative infection (55.8% vs. 20.9%, P < 0.001) and DGF (38.2% vs. 24.2%, P = 0.023). In addition, the incidence of p-DDI was 12.9% (33/256). CRKP was the most common pathogen causing p-DDI. The recipients who developed p-DDI had a higher rate of graft loss (9.1% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.001), mortality (12.1% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.018), and longer postoperative hospital stay (30 days (19.5–73.5) vs. (22 days (18–32), P < 0.05) compared with recipients who did not develop p-DDI. Conclusions Culture-positive PF is potentially significant for KT recipients, and p-DDI may increase the risk of poor prognosis for recipients. Prophylactic anti-infective treatment should be actively performed for highly virulent or multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens (especially Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, CRKP) in PF to avoid the occurrence of p-DDI.