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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), specifically a quadcopter is publicly popular which it provides services in different applications such as aerial delivery, aerial photography, military, weather forecasting and more examples to date. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is one of the control techniques that can provide stabilization and reliable trajectory tracking. However, proper PID gains are needed to ensure a stable flight and it should be hybridized or improved to increase the robustness, reliability, and stabilization during flight. In this paper, an intelligent PID controller using neural network is proposed based on Levenberg-Marquardt feedforward neural network training method. The PID gains are initialized using different ranges according to the optimal gains generated by Particle Swarm Optimization, and this contributes towards a good training performance using Mean Square Error (MSE) evaluation. The trained network takes desired output and references as input data to calculate the required combination of PID gains as the output. The including of the response characteristics as the input data for the network, together with reference, error, and control input is the significance of the work. The performance of this work is presented using MSE performances, attitudes and altitude stabilization, and trajectory tracking reliability through error index performances. The simulation results graphically prove that the proposed controller provides better stability with reduced overshoot and settling times. Disturbance rejection is also enhanced by 1.7% compared to manual tuned PID controller. The reliability of the proposed controller highlights avenues for further exploration in AI-driven control strategies for quadcopter systems.
Sahrir et al. (Tue,) studied this question.