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This study focuses on the development, simulation, and practical validation of a metal-only microstrip patch antenna and its array designed to increase gain. The antenna is specifically designed to meet the growing demand for reliable and efficient RFID systems in various fields, such as asset tracking, inventory management, and smart logistics. Our design utilizes a truncated patch with an air substrate to achieve high gain and circular polarization. The antenna's dimensions measure 468 × 188 × 31 mm³ and deliver impressive performance metrics, boasting a return loss |S11| of -18.21 dB and an estimated gain exceeding 10.6 dBi. These figures compare favorably with the simulated results, which indicate an |S11| of -20.8 dB and a total gain of 11.2 dBi. Our microstrip antenna array demonstrated consistent Circular Polarization quality throughout the radiation angle, with an Axial Ratio of less than 3 dB. This antenna has emerged as a compelling solution for UHF-band RFID technology to meet the demands of various real-world applications.
Hossain et al. (Mon,) studied this question.