Comparative Histological Study on the Possible Effect of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Platelet Rich Plasma in Adriamycin-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adult Male Albino Rat

-Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem with rising morbidity & mortality. So, this model was performed to compare the possible effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells against platelet-rich plasma on CKD induced by Adriamycin in adult male albino rats. Materials & Methods: 46 adult male albino rats were classified into a donor group (n= 2) and 4 experimental groups (n= 44): Group I (Control group), Group II: rats received once i.v injection of Adriamycin (ADR) 6mg/kg. This group was subdivided into two subgroups including IIa where rats were sacrificed after one week and subgroup IIb where rats were sacrificed after seven weeks. Group III: rats received ADR then after one week, injected once i.v. by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) 2x106 and Group IV: rats received ADR then after one week, injected with Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) 1ml/kg via i.p twice a week for six successive weeks. Blood samples were withdrawn to measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels in serum. Specimens were stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, Periodic acid Schiff reaction (PAS) stains, and caspase 3& desmin immunohistochemical stains. A fluorescent microscopic study to detect the PKH-26 labeled Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells was also done. Results: The results revealed degenerative features of renal specimens in subgroup IIa with declined kidney functions. These changes were aggravated in subgroup IIb, manifested by marked deposition of collagen fibers, total loss in brush border of many tubules with severe positive immunoreactivity for caspase-3 & desmin within the renal corpuscle. These results were further confirmed by statistical and morphometric analysis.Conclusions: MSCs and PRP could attenuate Adriamycin-induced CKD and restore normal renal structure and functions. PRP was more effective in reducing damage and promoting the healing of renal tissues.Keywords: CKD, Adriamycin, MSCs, PRP, BUN.