The prognostic impact of insulin resistance surrogates in patients with acute myocardial infarction with and without type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Novel markers of insulin resistance and progression of atherosclerosis include the triglycerides and glucose index (TyG index), the triglycerides and body mass index (Tyg-BMI) and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR). Establishing independent risk factors for in-hospital death and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) remains critical. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of in-hospital death and MACCE within 12 months after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in patients with and without T2DM based on TyG index, Tyg-BMI and METS-IR. Methods Retrospective analysis included 1706 patients with STEMI and NSTEMI hospitalized between 2013 and 2021. We analyzed prognostic value of TyG index, Tyg-BMI and METS-IR for in-hospital death and MACCE as its components (death from any cause, MI, stroke, revascularization) within 12 months after STEMI or NSTEMI in patients with and without T2DM. Results Of 1706 patients, 58 in-hospital deaths were reported (29 patients 4.3% in the group with T2DM and 29 patients 2.8% in the group without T2DM; p = 0.1). MACCE occurred in 18.9% of the total study population (25.8% in the group with T2DM and 14.4% in the group without T2DM; p < 0.001). TyG index, Tyg-BMI and METS-IR were significantly higher in the group of patients with T2DM compared to those without T2DM (p < 0.001). Long-term MACCE were more prevalent in patients with T2DM (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) for the prediction of in-hospital death and the TyG index was 0.69 (p < 0.001). The ROC curve for predicting in-hospital death based on METS-IR was 0.682 (p < 0.001). The AUC-ROC values for MACCE prediction based on the TyG index and METS-IR were 0.582 (p < 0.001) and 0.57 (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions TyG index was an independent risk factor for in-hospital death in patients with STEMI or NSTEMI. TyG index, TyG-BMI and METS-IR were not independent risk factors for MACCE at 12 month follow-up. TyG index and METS-IR have low predictive value in predicting MACCE within 12 months after STEMI and NSTEMI.