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Cancer is the most challenging health complication worldwide. Scientific society has tried to decode its complications and is developing a smart solution for mankind. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an emerging frontier in cancer research. EVs provide fresh insight into the understanding of cancer and are released from all the active cells. EVs are classified into some major classes, such as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Exosomes are among the most exciting tools in current cancer research as they work as cellular messengers (which reflects the cell's healthy or pathological conditional status). In the tumor microenvironment, they regulate several complicated events such as uncontrolled cell growth, immune suppression, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, metastasis, organ-specific metastasis, drug and therapeutic resistance, and cancer stem cell development. Exosomes are also a source of promising cancer biomarkers involved in both diagnosis and prognosis and also performs a therapeutic role. Exosomes-based cancer nanomedicine which is application of nanosize vesicles in theranostics and sensor orientation, supports in overcoming several cancer management limitations, such as early diagnosis and therapeutics as they are specific, effective, and affordable. In this review, we have highlighted the integration of exosomes and nanotechnology which is a cutting-edge approach in precision oncology.
Agnihotram et al. (Mon,) studied this question.