Novel Nanomaterials for Hepatobiliary Diseases Treatment and Future Perspectives

Hepatobiliary diseases are serious universal health concerns that affects the liver and is responsible for around 2 million deaths annually. The limitations of standard drug-delivery systems, such as unequal and nonspecific drug distribution, which result in adverse effects on healthy tissues and a reduction in drug bioavailability, make successful therapy difficult even when choices for surgery and medicine are available. With the liver's distinct physiological and anatomical features, nanotechnology offers a potential approach to targeted medication delivery, making it a prime target for nanomedicine. In the context of liver illnesses, a number of nanomaterial categories, such as polymer, inorganic and multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs), have been investigated as possible agents for targeting this organ. Nanomaterials can be specifically targeted to liver tissue or hepatocytes by surface modification and functionalization, increasing the delivery of medications and reducing their adverse effects. Although there are many advantages to using nanomaterials, their toxicity and stability can cause problems for living things, including inflammation and protein adsorption. Notwithstanding the difficulties associated with the creation of nanoparticles, further study and development hold much promise for the use of nanotechnology to the targeted treatment of liver disorders. The nanomaterials used to address liver diseases nanozymes, Nano-based oligonucleotide, Lipid-based nanostructures and nanoemulsions and Extracellular Vesicles are first discussed in this study. Additionally, the ways in which nanomaterials target liver illness are examined. This study concludes with a discussion of the present issues and potential future avenues for this line of inquiry.