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The DESI year one observations can help probe new physics on cosmological scales. In light of the latest DESI BAO measurements, we constrain four popular cosmological scenarios including inflation, modified gravity, annihilating dark matter and interacting dark energy. Using a data combination of BICEP/Keck array, cosmic microwave background and DESI, we obtain the 1 and 2 constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r₀. ₀₅= 0. 0176^+0. 0070-₀. ₀₁₃₀ and r₀. ₀₅=0. 018^+0. 020-₀. ₀₁₇. Using the combination of cosmic microwave background and DESI, we find a 2. 4 evidence for gravitational theories beyond the general relativity, shrinks the dark matter annihilation cross-section by 12\% relative to cosmic microwave background, and obtain a 1. 6 hint of the positive interaction between dark matter and dark energy indicating that energy may be transferred from dark matter to dark energy in the dark sector of the universe. Future DESI observations could go a step further to explore the nature of inflation, dark matter and dark energy, and test the validity of general relativity on cosmological scales.
Deng Wang (Wed,) studied this question.