ANN: adversarial news net for robust fake news classification

Abstract With easy access to social media platforms, spreading fake news has become a growing concern today. Classifying fake news is essential, as it can help prevent its negative impact on individuals and society. In this regard, an end-to-end framework for fake news detection is developed by utilizing the power of adversarial training to make the model more robust and resilient. The framework is named "ANN: Adversarial News Net," emoticons have been extracted from the datasets to understand their meanings concerning fake news. This information is then fed into the model, which helps to improve its performance in classifying fake news. The performance of the ANN framework is evaluated using four publicly available datasets, and it is found to outperform baseline methods and previous studies after adversarial training. Experiments show that Adversarial Training improved the performance by 2.1% over the Random Forest baseline and 2.4% over the BERT baseline method in terms of accuracy. The proposed framework can be used to detect fake news in real-time, thereby mitigating its harmful effects on society.