Impact and Integration of Mini Photovoltaic Systems on Electric Power Distribution Grids

This work analyzes the impact of varying concentrations mini-photovoltaic (MPV) systems, often referred to as balcony power plants, on the stability and control of the low-voltage (LV) grid. By local energy use and potentially reversing meter operation, we focus on how these MPV systems transform grid dynamics and elucidate consumer participation in the energy transition. We scrutinize the effects of these systems on power quality, power loss, transformer loading, and the functioning of other inverter-based voltage-regulating distributed energy resources (DER). Owing to the rise in renewable output from MPVs, the emerging bidirectional energy flow poses challenges for distribution grids abundant with DERs. Our case studies, featuring sensitivity analysis and comparison of distributed and decentralized DER control strategies, highlight that autonomous inverters are essential for providing ancillary services. With the growing use of battery energy storage (BES) systems in LV grids for these services, the need for adaptable DER control strategies becomes increasingly evident.