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Sarcopenia is characterized by reduced muscle strength and muscle mass, related with decline in functionality, reduced quality of life, risk of hospitalizations, falls and mortality in individuals on hemodialysis (HD). The muscle respiratory, such as appendicular skeletal muscles, also show functional declines resulting from aging and the presence of chronic diseases. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), fluid overload can lead to hyperventilation due to compromised lung compliance, electrolyte imbalance, reduced oxygen diffusion with increased demand on respiratory muscles and weak respiratory.
Borges et al. (Mon,) studied this question.