Normative act in the administrative litigation legislation and practice: definition and distinction from similar phenomena

The article indicates that, regardless of the form of the official document, the fact that it governs through its generally binding provisions the legal status (establishment, change or termination of rights and duties) of an unlimited circle of participants in legal relations to which this official document applies (the general direction of the rules of conduct) rather than covering only specifically defined (personified) persons - are sufficient conditions for ascertaining the normative nature of a particular official document or its certain provisions. It was established that if an official document is not characterized by these properties or only one of them is inherent in it (mandatory nature of the rule of conduct that it establishes, changes or terminates, its general orientation and the possibility of its repeated application), then this indicates that a document belongs to acts of official interpretation of legal norms (including those that are formally binding for their issuers) or acts of application of law (including administrative acts), public policy documents or other official documents. In addition, the author drew attention to the fact that, unlike normative acts, individual legal acts are formally binding for specific (clearly determined) persons and define only their individual rights and/ or duties within particular situations, exhausting their legal validity after their settlement. Equally important is the correct separation of normative acts from acts of official interpretation (clarification) of law, which, having a general nature and being calculated for the use of their interpretatory provisions during the period of validity of respective legal rules are not legally binding for participants in legal relations regulated by the relevant law. At the same time, it was noted that according to established judicial practice, which is based on the principles of the rule of law (primarily, on legal certainty as its component) and good governance, acts of official interpretation (clarification) of legal rules, as a general rule, bind their issuers, but due to the lack of such an effect for other participants in the respective legal relationships, these acts are not universally binding in the literal sense of this feature.