High HbA1C and Glycemic Control as Diabetic Nephropathy Etiology

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, leading to microangiopathic complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN involves changes in the kidney's glomeruli, leading to albuminuria and potentially progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes, contributes to long-term organ damage, making DM a significant global health concern. Methods: This study included 48 participants aged 30 to 65 years, divided into diabetic patients and controls. Blood samples were collected for analysis of urea, creatinine, and HbA1c levels. Results: The HbA1c levels in the patient group (8.57 ± 1.75) exhibited a statistically significant increase (P≤0.05) compared to the control group (5.28 ±0.78). However, there was no significant difference in urea levels between patients (45.88 ± 37.91) and controls (33.02 ± 18.87) (P≤0.05). Similarly, there was no significant variance in creatinine levels between patients (1.37±1.78) and controls (1.06±1.55) (P≤0.05). Elevated HbA1c levels might be a cause of disease severity and complexity in diabetes, emphasizing the need for comprehensive glycemic control. Conclusion: Regular monitoring of HbA1c levels is crucial for early detection and management of DN in diabetic patients. Increased microalbuminuria correlates with elevated HbA1c levels, highlighting the importance of glycemic control in preventing kidney function impairment. This study demonstrated the significance of comprehensive glycemic management strategies in mitigating DN progression and reducing morbidity in diabetic populations.