Risk assessment of RNAi-based biopesticides

RNA interference (RNAi) is an efficient molecular approach in which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can effectively knock down the expression of certain genes, promoting mRNA degradation, and gene function loss. Based on the principle of RNAi, a novel and eco-friendly biopesticide has been characterized and used in recent years. RNAi-based biopesticides have high specificity, efficiency, and easy degradation, which have ushered in the third revolution in the history of pesticides. Additionally, these properties of RNAi-based biopesticides are of great significance in achieving sustainable agricultural development. However, before the market release of any biopesticides, it is essential to consider whether they will adversely affect human health and the environment. This paper reviews RNAi-based biopesticides' different modes of action and the diverse associated risks, such as environmental risk (environmental fate, off-target effects, exposure assessment, and resistance development), human health risk, and government policies.