Anti-sanction and sanction economic policy of Russia in 2022–2025. Part 2: Aftermaths of sanctions war, management of changes, clarification of research concepts

Objectives: to study and forecast the state of the Russian economy after the intensification of the sanctions war and formalization of the Russian anti-sanctions and sanctions economic policy. Methods: the research uses such techniques of abstract-logical method as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, formalization, and forecasting. Results: The main macroeconomic indicators of Russia were analyzed (2006–2023) and forecasted (2024–2025). The impact of sanctions on the negative trends in the development of industries mainly contributing to the Russia’s GDP was assessed. As a result, the author identified the industries that have become drivers of the country’s economic development, as well as those subjected to the most significant pressure as a result of the sanctions. the comparative analysis of indicators allowed us to conclude that the Russian economy as a whole in the medium term coped with the sanctions load better than the world economy with the consequences of the sanction war. Conclusions were made on the results of anti-Russian sanctions and Russia’s response measures. Russia’s sanctions, anti-sanctions and counter-sanctions economic policy was formalized. Scientific novelty: the concepts of “sanctions economic policy”, “anti-sanctions economic policy”, “counter-sanctions economic policy”, “sanctions policy”, “anti-sanctions policy”, “counter-sanctions policy” were clarified. The main goals of sanctions and anti-sanctions economic policy of Russia were revealed. The principles of Russia’s sanctions and anti-sanctions policy were supplemented. It was shown that the Russian sanctions economic policy is open, rational, protective and protectionist. It was found that Russia’s anti-sanctions economic policy is highly politicized, medium-term and protectionist. The main directions of development of anti-sanctions and sanctions economic policy of Russia were outlined. Practical significance: the obtained results will allow understanding the essence, causes and processes in the management of the Russia’s sanctions and anti-sanctions activity, predicting its results more accurately, and determining measures to correct the anti-sanctions and sanctions policy of the Russian Federation.