Target Oncogenic Receptors in Tumours, From Its Initial Clinical Breakthroughs to Current Clinical Standard Therapy

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a polypeptide hormone originally isolated from mouse submaxillary gland, which is a potent mitogen for a wide variety of culture cells of both epithelial and mesenchymal origin, and its important role in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neural and glial precursor cells. The physiological effects of EGF are mediated by an EGF receptor with tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. The traditionally accepted view is that normal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is no tumorigenic, whereas mutated EGFR such as an oncogenic receptor EGFRvIII is oncogenic. In recent, it has been implicated that EGF could be beneficial for burn, wound healing, diabetic foot ulcer, and show an attractive perspective. In addition, cosmetic containing EGF would be effective in improving the plasticity of skin, helps in anti-aging and whitening, and controls the amount of erythema and sebum in the skin. In our team we have successfully prepared a series of 350 bottles of Shampoo liquid and 26 bottles of recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) spray, and 4 bottles of EGF-Silvadence ointment. The initial results indicated that prepared rhEGF is safe and available in clinical use. On the other hand, progress on the interaction of EGF with its altered oncogenic receptor signaling through its downstream molecules such Ras/Raf/MAPK (see figure in the full text, George Zhu, 1991) and/or PI3k/akt pathway in the development of some cancers such as A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells, brain glioblastoma, breast, pancreas and lung cancers. In addition to a series of gefitinib, erlotinib, osimertinib and the CIMA vax-EGF vaccine, an antioncogenic receptor antibody based fusion protein for example Cetuximab-based IL-10 fusion protein, CmAb- (IL10) 2 provide a potential strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy. Peer Review History: Received 1 December 2023; Revised 26 January 2024; Accepted 2 March; Available online 15 March 2024 Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamerₕassan@pharm. suez. edu. eg Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6. 0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8. 0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail. com Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq, asiaₐbdullah65@yahoo. com