Prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress in hospitalised patients with COVID-19

Background: COVID-19 infection is associated with significant depressive and anxiety symptoms and stress.We examined the prevalences of depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress among patients with COVID-19.Methods: Clinically stable patients with COVID-19 aged 18 to 60 years who were admitted between April 2021 and September 2021 to the MES Medical College in Kerala, India were prospectively recruited.They were assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale.Results: Of 112 patients screened, 103 were included in the analysis.Depression scores were higher in patients of lower socio-economic status (p = 0.04), of unemployed (p = 0.01), and with longer hospital stays (p < 0.001).Anxiety scores were higher in patients aged 31 to 40 years (p = 0.04), of lower socioeconomic status (p = 0.01), with a history of psychiatric illness (p = 0.006), and with a history of selfharm (p = 0.019).Perceived stress scores were higher in patients of lower socio-economic status (p = 0.02), with a history of psychiatric illness (p = 0.001), and with a history of self-harm (p = 0.022).Conclusion: Socio-economic status, employment status, a history of psychiatric illness, and duration of hospital stay are associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with COVID-19.