Studies on the Mechanical, Strengthening Mechanisms and Tribological Characteristics of AA7150-Al2O3 Nano-Metal Matrix Composites

Stir-casting with ultrasonic cavitation produced nano-Al2O3-filled AA7150 matrix composites in this study. The SEM microstructure study shows that all composites include nano-Al2O3 particles with consistent particle sizes and homogenous distribution. EDS and XRD showed no secondary phases or impurities in the composite. Optical microscopy showed intense ultrasonic cavitation effects, and nano-Al2O3 particles caused grain refinement in the AA7150 matrix. The composite’s mechanical characteristics improved when the Al2O3 nanoparticle weight percentage (wt.%) increased. With only 2.0 wt.% nano-Al2O3 particles, the composites yielded 232 MPa, 97.52% higher than the sonicated AA7150 matrix alloy. Multiple models were used to characterize the strength of the AA7150 nano-Al2O3 composite. The findings showed that thermal incongruity, Orowan strengthening, the Hall–Petch mechanism, and load transfer effects contributed the most towards the increased strength of the composite. Increasing the nano-Al2O3 wt.% in the AA7150 matrix improved hardness by 95.08%, yield strength by 90.34%, and sliding wear resistance by 46.52%. This enhancement may be attributed to the combined effects of better grain refinement, enhanced dispersion with dislocation strengthening, and better load transfer between the matrix and reinforcement, which are assisted by the inclusion of reinforcements. This result was confirmed by optical studies.