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The entanglement entropy encodes fundamental characteristics of quantum many-body systems, and is particularly subtle in non-Hermitian settings where eigenstates generically become non-orthogonal. In this work, we find that negative biorthogonal entanglement generically arises from topologically-protected non-orthogonal edge states in free fermion systems, especially within topological flat bands. Departing from previous literature which associated negative entanglement with exceptional gapless points, we show that robustly negative entanglement can still occur in gapped systems. Gapless 2D topological flat bands, however, exhibits novel S -Lᵦ² L entanglement behavior which scales quadratically with the transverse dimension Lᵦ. Our discovery sheds light on a new interplay between topology and entanglement unrelated to traditional concepts of topological entanglement entropy, and can be experimentally verified through second R\'enyi entropy measurements in ultracold atomic lattices via SWAP operator expectation values.
Xue et al. (Tue,) studied this question.