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This paper presents a novel framework for the optimal integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into radial distribution networks. Employing an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO)-based strategy, the proposed approach addresses the challenges of DER planning by considering temporal variations in energy generation and demand. The bi-level optimization framework was implemented in MATLAB, resulting in efficient capacity sizing and strategic allocation of DER components. This led to significant economic advantages, including a 56.3% reduction in total costs, and technical benefits, such as a 68.16% decrease in power losses. Voltage profile analysis demonstrates improved network performance. This comprehensive solution contributes to a more reliable and sustainable energy system, highlighting the potential of DER integration for economic viability and enhanced operational efficiency.
Sayed et al. (Mon,) studied this question.