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Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of minerals, electrolytes, and uids in the body. Further, they also contribute to the regulation of bone health by producing an active form of vitamin D, which is necessary for calcium absorption in the intestines. CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is used to describe the systemic mineral and bone abnormalities associated with CKD. Additionally, metabolic bone disease in CKD includes abnormalities in calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D metabolism. The imbalance in mineral metabolism in CKD can result in conditions such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and vascular calcication. Therefore, early detection and intervention can help prevent or minimize the impact of metabolic bone disease that further lead to high mortality rates in chronic kidney disease patients. Materials and methods: This was cross-sectional observational study conducted on patients of chronic kidney disease in Department of Medicine and Department of Nephrology IGMC Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. The biochemical markers of CKD-MBD, including calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD), were measured in CKD patients. A total 80 Results: patients of CKD stages 3, 4 and 5 were enrolled for the study. Out of 80 patients 68 (85%) were anaemic, hypocalcemic 64(80%), hyperphosphatemia 61(77.25%), and raised alkaline phosphatase 58(66.25%). Secondary hyperparathyroidism was present in 55(68.75%) and hypoparathyroidism in 8(10%), vitamin D deciency present in 48(60%) and insufciency 26(32.5%). Th Conclusion: is study showed that secondary hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, increased alkaline phosphatase, and Vitamin D deciency were quite common in Indian CKD patients
Dod et al. (Fri,) studied this question.