Optimizing Substation Earthing Systems: A Finite Difference Approach for Grounding Resistance Minimization and Potential Distribution Analysis

Substation earthing is a critical aspect of power system design, playing a crucial role in ensuring safety and reliability. This paper presents an in-depth numerical analysis of substation earthing systems, employing the finite difference method. The primary objectives are to optimize grounding resistance and gain insights into the electric potential distribution within the earthing mat. This research systematically explores key parameters, including earthing mat dimensions, material conductivity, and soil resistivity, employing visualizations such as scatter plots, contour plots, and quiver plots to enhance the understanding of the earthing system behaviour. This optimal design helps in getting values of ground resistance, quite fast and with more ease.