99mTcTc-HYNIC-ALUG SPECT/CT in the initial staging of 227 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer: a 5-year monocentric retrospective study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 99m TcTc-HYNIC-ALUG SPECT/CT in the initial staging of patients with newly diagnosed PCa. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 227 consecutive patients who underwent 99m TcTc-HYNIC-ALUG SPECT/CT imaging for the primary staging of newly diagnosed PCa. The presence and location of PSMA-positive lesions were determined, and the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the primary prostate tumor were also measured. The metastatic findings and SUVmax were stratified according to International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and D’Amico classification. Furthermore, the 99m TcTc-HYNIC-ALUG SPECT/CT findings were compared to the histopathological findings in patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). Results Of the 227 patients, 92.1% (209/227) had positive 99m TcTc-HYNIC-ALUG SPECT/CT findings. Advanced disease was detected in 38.8% (88/227) of the patients and was positively correlated with increasing ISUP grade and PSA levels. Lymph node metastases (both pelvic and extrapelvic), bone metastases, and visceral metastases were detected in 30.0% (68/227), 25.6% (58/227), and 3.1% (7/227) of the patients, respectively. For the 129 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with PLND, the sensitivity of 99m TcTc-HYNIC-ALUG SPECT/CT in the evaluation of PCa was 90.7% (117/129). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values for detecting pelvic lymph node metastases on 99m TcTc-HYNIC-ALUG SPECT/CT were 23.5% (12/51), 93.6% (73/78), 65.9% (85/129), 70.6% (12/17), and 65.2% (73/112), respectively. Among the 209 patients with PSMA-avid primary prostate disease, the SUVmax of the primary prostate tumor was significantly associated with ISUP grade (p0.0001), PSA levels (p0.0001), D’Amico classification (p0.0001), and advanced disease (p0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that a PSA level 19.8 ng/ml and SUVmax of the primary prostate tumor 7.4 had a sensitivity of 71.6% and 71.6% and specificity of 76.9% and 82.6%, respectively, for detecting metastatic disease. Conclusions 99m TcTc-HYNIC-ALUG SPECT/CT emerges as a valuable imaging tool for the initial staging of newly diagnosed PCa. The presence of advanced disease and the SUVmax of the primary prostate tumor were positively correlated with ISUP grade and PSA levels.