Disrupting Human Trafficking in Canada: A Case Study in the Gaps of Meeting the UN Trafficking Protocols

The signing of the 2002 United Nations' Trafficking Protocol marked a major global shift in efforts to combat human trafficking. Based on its four pillars (4Ps) (i.e. prevention, protection, prosecution, & partnership), all signatory member States were expected (legally binding) to model their response strategies around the 4Ps, which also align with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals number 5 (i.e. gender equality) and 8 (i.e. decent work and economic growth). As a signatory member of the Trafficking Protocol and rated as a Tier 1 country, Canada is presented as a case study of how, despite the considerable resources and initiatives being directed to combatting human trafficking, there remain notable gaps and limitations in the country's efforts to combat human trafficking. Drawing on a wide range of examples and available data, it is suggested that Canada's effort resembles a "quilted patchwork." The article concludes with several recommendations on how Canada can address the various limitations and close the gaps across the respective pillars.