Effect of bio fertilization using banana and apple peels on flax plant's vegetative characteristics

The Arab lands represent a distinctive example of the problem of drought that some arid regions face and water deficiency, which are often linked to environmental stress such as heat, salinity, etc., so it is considered one of the main factors responsible for yield loss and reduced productivity. Consequently, interest has increased in recent years in sustainable agriculture to ensure sustainable development, and the allelopathic phenomenon was one of the means used to achieve sustainability in agriculture by taking advantage of plants that have stimulating or inhibitory effects to regulate plant growth and development. Since the discovery of the allelopathic phenomenon in the 1930s, much research has been conducted to clarify the biochemical mechanisms behind the effect of allelopathic compounds on the affected plant. Delaying, reducing, or enhancing seed germination is one of the essential and visible allelopathic effects that are secondary expressions of the primary effects on biochemical processes. At the Department of Biology, College of ScienceUniversity of Mosul, two experiments were carried out to examine the impact of banana and apple peel extracts on the germination and growth of flax plants. experiments, conducted in the lab and greenhouse, respectively, involved the use of aqueous extracts of banana and apple peels at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% w:v. The findings revealed that the use of these extracts significantly improved the growth of the flax plants, including an increase in plant height, shoot, fresh, and dry weight of the root, and levels of photosynthetic pigments compared to the control.