Selection of the appropriate treatment for the combination of interstitial lung disease and lung cancer: A retrospective observational study

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) independently heightens the risk of lung cancer (LC), often necessitating chemoradiotherapy (CRT) due to advanced disease stages. However, CRT may compromise survival through complications such as ILD exacerbation or radiation pneumonitis. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal surgical or nonsurgical treatment approaches for patients with concurrent ILD and LC. Over a 10-year period, a retrospective evaluation was conducted on 647 patients with confirmed diagnoses of LC and ILD from a total of 4541 patients examined in the polyclinic. This assessment included a comprehensive review of demographic, treatment, and survival records. Study groups included those treated for both ILD and LC with surgical treatment (ST), chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT), or CRT. A control group comprised ILD-only cases. In the whole sample of 647 patients with complete data, the length of stay in hospital and respiratory intensive care unit was significantly shorter in the ST group and longer in the CT group. Significant differences in discharge status ( P < .001) were observed, with higher recovery rates in the ST and RT groups. The CT group showed an increased rate of transfer to other centers, in-hospital mortality was determined to be higher in the CRT group, and the control group exhibited no change in discharge. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups with respect to the 24- and 48-month survival rates ( P = .100). Although no disparity was found in 2- and 4-year survival rates, there were seen to be advantages in survival and quality of life with the addition of radiotherapy to regions aligning with surgical margins for LC patients with ILD, evaluated as radiological N0, undergoing wedge resection. This underscores the need for personalized treatment strategies to balance effective cancer control and to minimize ILD-related complications.